• Skip to primary navigation
  • Skip to main content
  • Skip to primary sidebar

ESCOP

CHOOSE YOUR ACCESSVIEWING DOWNLOAD

  • Home
  • About
    • Members
    • Directors
    • Scientific Committee
    • Supervising Editors
  • Monographs
    • Download
    • Online viewing
      • Subscription
    • 2nd Edition of the ESCOP Monographs: two volume
  • Testimonials
  • News
  • Publications
  • Contact us
  • Mailing List
  • Login
  • 0 items€0.00
You are here: Home / Downloads / Allii sativi bulbus (Garlic)

Allii sativi bulbus (Garlic)

July 15, 2019

Allii sativi bulbus
Garlic
Allium sativum L.
Published 2019
Format: PDF. 29 pages

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Online viewing (for only €30 per year, you can view online all the monographs)

 

 

SUMMARY

The herbal monograph selects and summarises scientific studies and textbooks regarding efficacy, dosage and safety to support the therapeutic uses of garlic. This herbal drug by definition consists of the bulb of Allium sativum L., with the outer corneous layer removed, cut, freeze-dried or dried at less than 65ºC and powdered. It contains not less than 0.45 per cent of allicin.

Studies with its main characteristic constituents alliin, the main sulphur-containing amino acid, its conversion to allicin, S-methyl-L-cysteine sulphoxide and S-allyl-cysteine are included.

The therapeutic indications are prophylaxis of atherosclerosis; treatment of elevated blood lipid levels if insufficiently controlled by diet; supportive treatment of hypertension; reducing severity of upper respiratory tract infections and catarrhal conditions.

Administration of garlic addresses posology; its duration of use; contra-indications; special warnings; special precautions for use; interactions with other medicinal products; other forms of interaction; in pregnancy and lactation; its effects on ability to drive; undesirable effects; overdose.

In vitro experiments with garlic showed anti-atherosclerotic, lipid-lowering and antioxidant effects, as well as beneficial effects on vascular resistance, fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation. Antibacterial, antimycotic, antiviral, neuroprotective, antiparasitic and antitumour effects were also noted. In vivo experiments with garlic or its extracts demonstrated lipid-lowering, anti-atherogenic, antihypertensive, antioxidant and cardioprotective, as well as antiviral properties.

Pharmacological studies in humans concerned rheological, anti-atherosclerotic, lipid-lowering and antioxidant activities.

Regarding interactions with other medicinal products in humans, warfarin, fluindione, saquinavir and ritonavir, human studies confirmed most findings in rats.

Controlled clinical studies investigating effects on blood pressure were analysed in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Results revealed that garlic was associated with reductions in blood pressure in patients with hypertension. A recent meta-analysis including 20 randomized, controlled trials showed a significant decrease in systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure compared with placebo. The summary of a systematic review of 45 randomized trials showed beneficial effects of garlic on several other cardiovascular-related factors, e.g. in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease, coronary arterial disease and hyper-cholesterolaemia. Lipid-lowering effects of garlic on total serum cholesterol were assessed in 7 meta-analyses, one of which evaluated 26 randomized double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trials. When placebo-controlled studies were conducted in combination with defined diets in patients with hyperlipidaemia, arterial occlusive disease, mild hypercholesterolaemia, mild hypertension and peripheral coronary heart disease, significant reductions in total cholesterol were found. With regard to prophylaxis of atherosclerosis, a 4 year study showed significant inhibition of the increase in plaque volume.

Pharmacokinetic properties were studied in various animal species, which assessed absorption, excretion and bioavailability of individual compounds. Preclinical safety data were assessed in toxicity studies. No mutagenicity was evident in the Ames test. Safety data originated from systematic reviews of human studies.

The selection of literature cited in the monograph is aimed at bringing together relevant information about the possible physiological roles of garlic and its major constituents.

KEYWORDS

  • Allii sativi bulbus
  • Garlic
  • Allium sativum L.
  • Prophylaxis of atherosclerosis
  • Elevated blood lipid levels
  • Supportive treatment of hypertension
  • Upper respiratory tract infections and catarrh
Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Primary Sidebar

Join us

Subscribe to our Newsletter

Therapeutic indications (access to summaries and purchase)

  • Monograph (81)
    • Circulatory disorders (14)
      • Arterial hypertension (1)
      • Haemorrhoids (10)
        • Haemorrhoids (oral administration) (2)
        • Haemorrhoids (stools softener) (4)
        • Haemorrhoids (topical application) (4)
      • Microcirculatory disorders of the eye (1)
      • Mild cardiac complaints of nervous origin (1)
      • Peripheral vascular insufficiency (1)
      • Venous insufficiency (chronic) (5)
        • Varicose veins (oral administration) (3)
        • Varicose veins (topical administration) (2)
    • CNS disorders (7)
      • Depressive disorders (1)
      • Difficulty in falling asleep (1)
      • Exhaustion mental or physical (1)
      • Fatigue (1)
      • Headache (1)
      • Irritability (2)
      • Migraine prophylaxis (1)
      • Restlessness (3)
      • Tenseness (2)
    • Dermatological disorders (19)
      • Abrasions (2)
      • Acne (2)
      • Atopic dermatitis (1)
      • Bruises (4)
      • Cold sores (1)
      • Dermatitis (8)
      • Eczema (2)
      • Furuncles (1)
      • Herpes labialis (1)
      • Hyperhidrosis (1)
      • Insect bites (5)
      • Psoriasis (1)
      • Seborrhoea (2)
      • Skin inflammation (11)
      • Sunburn (1)
      • Wounds (7)
    • Digestive disorders (37)
      • Appetite loss (7)
      • Bloating (10)
      • Colitis (1)
      • Constipation habitual (3)
      • Constipation ocassional (6)
      • Diarrhoea (unspecific) (8)
      • Diverticulosis (1)
      • Dyspeptic complaints (16)
      • Enteritis (2)
      • Fissure anal (4)
      • Flatulence (10)
      • Gastritis (6)
      • Gastrointestinal complaints (6)
      • Heartburn (1)
      • Hepatobiliary disturbance (1)
      • Irritable bowel syndrome (3)
      • Spasmodic gastro-intestinal complaints (6)
    • Gynecological disorders (5)
      • Dysmenorrhoea (4)
      • Menopause (2)
      • Menorrhagia (1)
    • Metabolic disorders (4)
      • Diabetes (1)
      • Hypercholesterolaemia – Dyslipidaemia (4)
    • Mouth, ear, nose and throat disorders (18)
      • Anaesthetic dental (1)
      • Aphthous ulcers (3)
      • Dental healthcare: disinfectant mouthwash (1)
      • Gingivitis (5)
      • Inflammation of the oropharyngeal mucosa (13)
      • Pharyngitis (10)
      • Sore throat (2)
      • Stomatitis (10)
      • Tonsillitis (1)
    • Pain and inflammation (6)
      • Contusions (2)
      • Epicondylitis (1)
      • Low back pain (2)
      • Musculoskeletal inflammations (5)
      • Myalgia (2)
      • Osteoarthritis (3)
      • Periarthritis (2)
      • Rheumatic complaints (5)
      • Tendinitis (1)
    • Respiratory disorders (23)
      • Bronchitis (1)
      • Catarrh of the respiratory tract (14)
      • Common cold (12)
      • Cough (7)
      • Fever (3)
    • Urinary disorders (13)
      • Bacterial infections of the urinary tract (8)
      • Benign prostatic hyperplasia (2)
      • Cystitis (2)
      • Irrigation of the urinary tract (8)
      • Irritable bladder (1)
      • Urinary lithiasis (5)

Echinaceae purpureae herba

Echinaceae purpureae herba

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Echinaceae purpureae radix

Echinaceae purpureae radix

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Salviae folium (Sage leaf)

Salviae folium (Sage leaf)

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Vaccinii macrocarpi fructus

Vaccinii macrocarpi fructus (Cranberry)

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Pruni africanae cortex

Pruni africanae cortex (Pygeum africanum bark)

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Plantaginis ovatae semen

Plantaginis ovatae semen

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Vitis viniferae folium

Vitis viniferae folium

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Matricariae flos

Matricariae flos

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Arnicae flos

Arnicae flos

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Helichrysi flos

Helichrysi flos

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Calendulae flos

Calendulae flos

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Agrimoniae herba (Agrimony)

Agrimoniae herba

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Allii sativi bulbus (Garlic)

Allii sativi bulbus (Garlic)

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Chamomillae romanae flos

Chamomillae romanae flos (Roman chamomile flover)

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Menthae piperitae folium

Menthae piperitae folium (Peppermint leaf)

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Foeniculi fructus (Fennel fruit)

Foeniculi fructus (Fennel fruit)

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Foeniculi aetheroleum

Foeniculi aetheroleum (Bitter-Fennel fruit oil)

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Echinaceae angustifoliae radix

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Carvi aetheroleum

Carvi aetheroleum

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Leonuri cardiacae herba

Leonuri cardiacae herba

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Rhei radix (Rhubarb)

Rhei radix (Rhubarb)

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Althaeae radix

Althaeae radix (Marshmallow Root)

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Fumariae herba (Fumitory)

fumariae herba fumitory escop

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Urticae folium/herba

Urticae folium, Nettle leaf

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Equiseti herba

Equisetum stem, Horsetail stem

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Cat’s Claw Bark

uncariae tomentosae cortex

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Solidaginis virgaureae herba

solidago virgaurea herba escop

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Pale Coneflower Root

pale cornflower root escop

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

St. John’s Wort

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Black Currant Leaf

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Willow Bark

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Butcher’s Broom

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Rhatany Root

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Psyllium Seed

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Linseed

Purchase Checkout Added to cart

Shopping Basket

Number of items in cart: 0

  • Your cart is empty.
  • Subtotal: €0.00
  • Estimated Tax: €0.00
  • Total: €0.00
  • Checkout

Select the ESCOP monograph you require

Individual monographs can be purchased instantly on line for download in pdf format once selected and added to your shopping basket. Once you have made your selections, click on "checkout" to be taken to the payment page to complete your order. Payment is taken via the PayPal system where you can pay using a debit or credit card, or your PayPal account. Links to download copies of your monographs are included on the order confirmation page and the confirmation that will be emailed to you after payment is received

ORDER YOUR INDIVIDUAL MONOGRAPHS HERE


Privacy Policy and Disclaimer

Privacy Policy and Disclaimer

Are you looking to boost your knowledge?

Join us

Subscribe to our Newsletter

Members

AUSTRIA · GERMANY · HUNGARY · ITALY · NETHERLANDS · POLAND · PORTUGAL · SPAIN · SWITZERLAND · TURKEY · TURKEY · UNITED KINGDOM

Copyright © 1999-2022 ESCOP · Developed by Cita Publicaciones · Privacy Policy and Disclaimer